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In Portuguese, word classes such as adjectives, determiners (articles, possessives, demonstratives), pronouns and verbs are subject to plural-inflection. Here’s a couple of examples: SINGULARĮxtending the conversion patterns beyond nouns Nouns ending in -s (there are only a few of these) share the same form in singular and plural. * Speaking of word stress, here’s a short article to help you master this topic: Portuguese word stress and accent marks. However, the plural-forming pattern is slightly different for nouns ending in -il, that is, they form the plural with either -is or -eis depending if the word is stressed on the last or next-to-last syllable respectively*: SINGULAR Nouns ending in -al, -el, -ol, and -ul form their plural by replacing those endings with -ais, -eis, -ois, and -uis respectively. Read the following article if you want to unleash these cognate-superpowers: English-Portuguese cognates – the words you already know (without knowing it). See, there is a wealth of English-Portuguese cognates that can exponentially increase your Portuguese vocabulary, in no time. ! Have you noticed that Portuguese nouns ending in -ão and referring to abstract concepts often have English cognates? For instance, the word atenção (attention) or conclusão (conclusion). However, some nouns ending in -ão will form their plural with -ães and -ãos: SINGULAR The majority of nouns ending in -ão form their plural with -ões (virtually all nouns referring to abstract concepts follow this pattern). Learn more about Portuguese pronunciation: Portuguese pronunciation: a helpful guide to Portuguese basic sounds and spelling patterns. Portuguese is replete with these and other nasal sounds, for instance, nasal diphthongs (see the noun-group below). *Note that both -m and -ns at the end of words produce a nasal sound. Portuguese nouns ending in -m build their plural with -ns, that is, by replacing -m* with -n and adding an -s at the end: SINGULAR There is, however, an exception to this, namely the plural-ending -ns that we’ll look at next. The reason for that extra e is that, in Portuguese, words don’t normally end in consonant clusters. Nouns ending with the consonants -n, -r, -s, and -z form their plural with -es. Accordingly, nouns ending in any vowel – -a, -e, -i, -o, -u (the nasal vowel -ã included) – form their plural by adding an -s at the end. In Portuguese, just as in English, the s-plural is dominant. Nouns – singular-to-plural conversion patterns S-plural Tips! Gender and number go hand-in-hand and you may want to give this article a read as well: Gender of Portuguese Words: A Guide to Masculine-to-Feminine Spelling Patterns. Extending the conversion patterns beyond nouns.Nouns – singular-to-plural conversion patterns.Luckily, you’ll only need to learn a handful of singular-to-plural conversion patterns to be able to keep everything number-aligned. In other words, singular-to-plural word inflection is way more prevalent in Portuguese than in English.
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Īs it clearly stands out in the example above, there are significantly more Portuguese “blue” words than English. My dear cousins went with my adored aunts to the café and ate those delicious ice creams. Īs minhas queridas primas foram com as minhas adoradas tias ao café e comeram aqueles deliciosos gelados. My dear cousin went with my adored aunt to the café and ate that delicious ice cr eam. The words marked in red, on the other hand, are the nouns themselves:Ī minha querida prima foi com a minha adorada tia ao café e comeu aquele delicioso gelado. The words marked in blue are those agreeing in number, in reference to a noun. In Portuguese, words belonging to several word classes will take different spellings depending on whether the nouns they refer to are in their singular or plural forms.įor instance, adjectives, articles, demonstratives and possessive determiners, all these words change their endings to conform to the number of the noun they refer to.Ĭonsider the following sentence written in the singular and plural. Learning the main singular-to-plural spelling conversion patterns is very helpful, more than you might think.
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This article teaches you how to form plurals in Portuguese.